Under what circumstances can a counselor disclose a client's information without consent?

A counselor can disclose a client's information without consent primarily when there is a legal obligation, such as mandated reporting laws, or when there is an imminent danger to the client or others. This practice is rooted in ethical standards and legal requirements that prioritize safety and the protection of individuals.

When a counselor encounters a situation where there is a risk of harm—such as suspected child abuse, a credible threat of violence, or a client expressing suicidal intentions—they are required to take action to avert potential harm. In these scenarios, the confidentiality agreement between counselor and client takes a backseat to the need to protect life and comply with legal mandates. This illustrates the balance counselors must maintain between respecting client confidentiality and ensuring safety in critical situations.

The other options do not establish justifiable circumstances for breaching confidentiality. Outdated information does not warrant disclosure, as confidentiality remains intact regardless of the age of the information unless the above conditions apply. Similarly, family member requests do not provide grounds for disclosure unless the client has given explicit consent. Additionally, agency requirements for documentation must be met without violating client confidentiality unless they are aligned with legal and ethical guidelines.